St. John's Law Review

Beyond Terrorism: The Potential Chilling Effect on the Internet of Broad Law Enforcement Legislation

By: Todd Gardella

The Internet is a relatively new medium of communications, and its networked, decentralized nature makes it difficult to define its properties.  Regulation of this medium—which relies on its users to construct the architecture, provide the content, and organically improve the state-of-the-art—is tricky and potentially destructive.  Yet some regulation may be necessary; the same properties that make the Internet such a powerful conduit for progress and the free, unhindered exchange of ideas also make it an ideal haven from where those who wish to perpetuate terror can strike.  In many ways, the information age is the great enabler of terrorism, providing not only the channels for terrorists to communicate amongst themselves throughout the globe, but also providing them the opportunity to amplify their voices, spread their messages, and permeate the homes of those plugged into the modern world of interconnectivity.

While acknowledging the validity of both the distress over free speech abridgment and the desire to ensure the safety of our nation and its citizens, this Note seeks to explore whether cyberspace requires analysis distinct from that which applies to the traditional free speech areas.  Part I of this Note discusses the enactment of those antiterrorism laws which potentially burden free speech and whether those laws should be truncated or expanded.  Part II traces the twentieth century evolution of First Amendment jurisprudence and the application of free speech principles to the Internet.  Part III defends the quick action taken by Congress to grant authority in an emergency situation, but qualifies that defense by reinforcing the need for deliberation.  The discussion then shifts to pinpointing the consideration unique to the Internet and identifies some of the dangers of broadening authority beyond the scope immediately necessary to confront the modern threat of terrorism.

The terrorist threat will likely plague society well into the future.  As the war on terrorism perseveres, the stark realities of an enduring conflict demand, for the sake of preserving liberty, that lawmakers employ the discipline necessary to scrutinize the benefits and costs of each grant of authority that may abridge constitutionally protected liberties.  A necessary component of such examination is the consideration of the effects such laws may have on the Internet.  The Internet is dependent upon the unbridled exchange of ideas.  Ignoring this reliance may hinder the development of the Internet, which will ultimately be to the detriment of this nation.  As progress has always been this nation’s credo, freedom has been its engine.  While deciding whether to limit the protections of free speech, we must give thorough consideration to the cost of a chill over the Internet.