St. John's Law Review

The Socratic Method And The Mathematical Heuristic Of George Pólya

By Robert J. Rhee

What can an eminent mathematician teach law professors?  A good deal—if we just ignore the math.

The Socratic method, once the staple of legal teaching, is declining in popularity and use.  The reasons are many, but they do not occupy our thoughts here.  The decline in the use of the Socratic method is unfortunate because a dialogue between teacher and student is the essence of teaching and learning.  The Socratic method is traditionally perceived as a teaching tool.  But it is more than just a teaching tool.  This Article shows that, once learned, it can be a concrete analytic tool for the student.  In other words, it is an end unto itself rather than merely a means. 

Many years ago, the mathematician George Pólya showed generations of math teachers and students that problem-solving can be learned through the heuristic of simple questions that act to stimulate curiosity and creativity.  There is a connection between the Socratic method and techniques of mathematical problem-solving.  This Article shows how Pólya’s heuristic has application to the teaching of law, and thus, it casts the Socratic method in a new pedagogical light.